Iron Deficiency
What is iron deficiency? Iron deficiency refers to an insufficient amount of stored iron within the body.
What is anemia? Anemia is characterized by low levels of hemoglobin, a protein composed of iron that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
What is iron deficiency anemia? Iron deficiency anemia specifically denotes a condition of low hemoglobin levels that arises from inadequate iron stores in the body.
Iron deficiency anemia can be readily diagnosed through blood tests that assess the complete blood count, ferritin levels, and iron studies.
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency?
- Pale skin
- Cravings for non-food substances (such as dirt, paper, chalk, or clay)
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Frequent headaches and episodes of dizziness
- Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating
- Decreased appetite
Who are the populations at risk?
- Toddlers and infants
- Menstruating women with heavy menstrual flow
- Athletes
- Individuals following a vegan or vegetarian diet
- Blood donors
- Elderly individuals aged 65 and above
What are the common causes of iron deficiency?
- Inadequate nutritional intake, particularly in calorie-restricted diets or among vegetarians
- Chronic blood loss due to heavy menstrual periods, fibroids, or endometriosis
- Chronic blood loss resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, or stomach ulcers
- Pregnancy
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) or celiac disease
How is iron deficiency treated?
To address iron deficiency, it is recommended to increase the consumption of iron-rich foods. Heme iron, found in meat, poultry, and fish, is more readily absorbed and is not significantly affected by other dietary components. In contrast, non-heme iron, which is present in fruits, vegetables, and legumes, is less efficiently absorbed and can be influenced by other foods. To optimize iron absorption, it is advisable to consume heme iron alongside non-heme iron, incorporate vitamin C to enhance the absorption of non-heme iron, and avoid consuming coffee and tea during meals, as the tannins in these beverages can hinder iron absorption.